![]() ![]() The third heuristic ('M-heuristic') relates to the maxim of manner, in particular to the rule avoid obscurity of expression. The first heuristic ('Q-heuristic') corresponds to the first submaxim and the second one ('I-heuristic') to the second submaxim of the Maxim of Quantity. What’s said in an abnormal way, isn’t normal or Marked message indicates marked situation.What is simply described is stereotypically exemplified."constraints that limit the search space of sets of premises" (Levinson 2000: 31) in connection with communicative intentions. I: "Say as little as necessary, that is produce the minimal linguistic information sufficient to achieve your communicational ends (bearing the Q-principal in mind)." (Levinson 2000: 114)įurthermore, Levinson refers to 'heuristics', i.e.Q: "Do not provide a statement that is informationally weaker than your knowledge of the world allows, unless providing a stronger statement would contravene the I-principle." (Levinson 2000: 76).Levinson (2000) distinguishes between minimization of content and minimization of form where general and shorter expressions are favored. With respect to manner, the two principle maximization of informational content (avoidance of ambiguity/obscurity) and minimization of form (be brief) are identified Horn. With respect to the maxim of manner, the R principle states: "Make your contribution necessary say no more than you must (given Q)." (Horn 1984: 134). Horn (1984) suggests that all maxims (except of the Maxim of Quality) should be replaced with two principles: the Q(uantity) principle and the R(elation) principle. Another type consists in framing a clear message, ie a message which is perspicuous or intelligible in the sense of conveying the intended illocutionary goal to the addressee." The maxim of manner thus relates "not to what is said but, rather, to HOW what is said to be said " (Grice 1975: 46).Īn elaboration of the Gricean maxim of manner was proposed by Leech (1983: 100), who distinguishes two kinds of clarity: "One kind consists in making unambiguous use of syntax and phonology of the language in order to construct a clear text. Be brief (avoid unnecessary prolixity).The maxim of manner is one of the Gricean conversational maxims which constitute the Cooperative Principle. ![]()
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